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Research Article
Demonstration of Local Honeybee Flora “Mentesie” (Becium grandflorum) Propagation Techniques in Wag - Himra Zone, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
162-168
Received:
13 August 2024
Accepted:
3 September 2024
Published:
12 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20241206.11
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Abstract: The demonstration of local honeybee flora "Mentesie" (Becium grandiflorum) propagation techniques was carried out over two rainy seasons in the Gazgibla district, Debreweyla watershed closure area of the Northeastern Amhara region. The shrub has numerous benefits for the community, including honey production, fuel use, and soil and water conservation. However, it has been gradually declining. To preserve these valuable shrubs, various propagation techniques were tested. The objectives of the experiment were to demonstrate the propagation techniques of Becium grandiflorum to beekeepers and to generate wider demand for its plantation among beekeepers and extension workers. The experiment compared two selected propagation techniques with local farmers’ traditional planting practices, under the guidance of forestry researchers. The treatments included seeds and cuttings. Seeds were collected from mature fruits, and cuttings were taken early in the morning from natural, mature, young, and healthy mother plants at a height of 40 cm during 2020/21. These materials were packed in perforated polyethylene bags. The average mean of flower numbers, branch numbers, and canopy cover for the enhanced propagation techniques (seedlings with pots) were 4107, 21.81, and 92.5, respectively. These values were higher than those for the comparative propagation technique, which had flower numbers of 2462, branch numbers of 19.4, and a canopy cover of 92.5. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among the propagation techniques in terms of canopy cover, height, number of flowers, and branches per plant. Farmers recognized the higher flower biomass, canopy cover, and potential for greater plant height of the enhanced techniques, which are beneficial for bee forage and soil and water conservation. Therefore, planting seedlings using pots were found to be the best method for the wider production of B. grandiflorum in its natural growing areas.
Abstract: The demonstration of local honeybee flora "Mentesie" (Becium grandiflorum) propagation techniques was carried out over two rainy seasons in the Gazgibla district, Debreweyla watershed closure area of the Northeastern Amhara region. The shrub has numerous benefits for the community, including honey production, fuel use, and soil and water conservati...
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Research Article
Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Thirteen (13) Promising Cassava Varieties to Diseases (Viruses-Bacteria) and Pests (Mealybugs-Mites) in Central Côte d’Ivoire
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
169-180
Received:
29 September 2024
Accepted:
16 October 2024
Published:
12 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20241206.12
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Abstract: Cassava (Manihot esculenta), a plant with starch-rich roots, plays a crucial role in global food security. For producers, it has become both a subsistence and cash crop. In Côte d’Ivoire, it ranks second among crops after yam. However, cassava is severely affected by bacteria, fungi, viruses, mites, and mealybugs, causing yield losses ranging from 20% to 90%. This study was conducted at the Food Crop Research Station (FCRS) of the National Center for Agronomic Research (NCAR) in Bouake in central Côte d’Ivoire. The plant material consisted of thirteen varieties of cassava of the Manihot esculenta species, from the national cassava collection. It aimed to assess the performance of thirteen promising cassava varieties, originating from the national cassava collection, against these diseases and pests under natural infestation conditions. The results revealed that the Yacé variety showed the highest sensitivity to viruses, with an incidence (I) of 96.25% and a severity index (IGS) of 2.8. In contrast, the Yavo variety was the least sensitive, with an incidence of 11.50% and a severity index of 1.3. All varieties studied demonstrated high sensitivity to bacterial blight and mite attacks, with high incidence rates observed in Bocou1 (71.25%) and Bocou3 (68.75%). However, mealybug infestation was relatively low, ranging from 8.75% (Yavo) to 33.75% (Bocou2). Except for mosaic disease, the severity indices for diseases and pests were similar across all varieties.
Abstract: Cassava (Manihot esculenta), a plant with starch-rich roots, plays a crucial role in global food security. For producers, it has become both a subsistence and cash crop. In Côte d’Ivoire, it ranks second among crops after yam. However, cassava is severely affected by bacteria, fungi, viruses, mites, and mealybugs, causing yield losses ranging from ...
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Research Article
Reaction of Promising Illu-Ababor Coffee Selections Against Major Coffee Diseases
Gabisa Gidisa*
,
Hailu Negesa
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
181-185
Received:
16 September 2024
Accepted:
11 October 2024
Published:
18 November 2024
Abstract: Coffee is prone to a number of diseases that attacks berries, leafs, root and stems reduce the yield and marketability. Among diseases Coffee Berry diseases (CBD), Coffee leaf rust (CLR), Coffee wilt diseases (CWD) are the major diseases in Ethiopia. The study was contained 13 coffee selections collected from different coffee producing areas of illu-ababor zones with four resistant checks (754, 7410, 744 & 7440). These selections were planted at Metu Agricultural Research Sub center (MARC) Gore and Chora trial sites in RCBD during 2010 cropping year. Significant difference among the genotypes for coffee berry diseases was observed specially at CBD prone site Chora. Severity values of selections ranged from 0.00 – 51.27% and among selections 229/71(3.00), p-23(8.55 showed below 5% severity at Chora and promoted to attached berry test. As the result in the (Table 1) indicates, the coffee accession 229/71(0.47)% showed highly resistant reaction to coffee berry disease and selected for further breeding purposes. While, 678 (51.27), revealed 50% susceptible reaction for both visually and by attached berry test to CBD. The selections were showed highly resistant reactions (744,754, P-23, P-30) 0.13, 0.16, 0.66 and 0.88 respectively and the remaining were showed moderately resistance reaction to coffee leaf rust at three locations. The seedling test result indicates that two coffee selections (P-30) and (P-23) 17.7% and 21% moderately resistant reaction and the rest coffee selections showed susceptible reaction to coffee wilt diseases.
Abstract: Coffee is prone to a number of diseases that attacks berries, leafs, root and stems reduce the yield and marketability. Among diseases Coffee Berry diseases (CBD), Coffee leaf rust (CLR), Coffee wilt diseases (CWD) are the major diseases in Ethiopia. The study was contained 13 coffee selections collected from different coffee producing areas of ill...
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Research Article
Registration of “Ikhulule’’ Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) Variety
Desu Assegid*,
Abubeker Terbush,
Gebeyehu Chala,
Gabisa Bekela,
Abdela Usmael
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
186-190
Received:
9 October 2024
Accepted:
4 November 2024
Published:
28 November 2024
Abstract: Although finger millet is grown extensively in Ethiopia, the national average yield is much less than the crop's genetic potential. This is due to a lack of stable, high-yielding, and disease-tolerant finger millet varieties. Thus, the current study was conducted to find stable, high-yielding, and disease-tolerant genotypes for increasing production. A randomized complete block design was used to evaluate twelve finger millet genotypes under a regional variety trial at Mechara and Habro for three consecutive years (2017 to 2019) against standard checks (Maba, Addis01, and Axum). The tested genotypes were brought from the Melkasa Agricultural Research Center. Further, some of these genotypes were collected from different areas of Oromia and the remaining were introduced from Kenya including Ikulule through Melkasa Agricultural Research Center. At the multi-environment evaluation, the yield advantage of the new variety is 18% higher than the best-performed standard check Maba (5.8tha-1). Additionally, the GGE biplot analysis showed that the Ikulule variety is high-yielding across locations and years. Also at the variety verification trial, the overall mean grain yield of (Ikulule) at on station and farmers' fields is 3.81 t tha-1 whereas the standard check kumusa is 2.91 tha-1. The new variety is not only high-yield but also resistant to blast rust and shoot flies relative to standard check. As a result, this new variety of Ikulule was released for the west Hararghe zone districts and similar agroecologies.
Abstract: Although finger millet is grown extensively in Ethiopia, the national average yield is much less than the crop's genetic potential. This is due to a lack of stable, high-yielding, and disease-tolerant finger millet varieties. Thus, the current study was conducted to find stable, high-yielding, and disease-tolerant genotypes for increasing productio...
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Research Article
Maize Fertilizer Requirement Estimates Through Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Analysis from Assosa, Western Ethiopia
Bakala Anbessa*,
Girma Abera
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
191-202
Received:
16 October 2024
Accepted:
5 November 2024
Published:
29 November 2024
Abstract: Scientific information with regards to the response of maize (Zea mays L.) to different blended fertilizer rates for its optimum production in Nitisols of Assosa area is limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted on Nitisols of Assosa Agricultural Research Centre during 2016/17 cropping season to investigate the response of growth, yield and nutrient use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) to different blended fertilizer rates and types. The treatments consists of: control, three rates of N and P combined (92/46, 115/57 and 138/69 N/P2O5 kg ha-1 and two formula of blended fertilizers with different rates, formula 2 consists of 100 kg NPSB+ 73.9 N, 150 kg NPSB +110.8 N and 200 kg NPSB + 147.8 N kg ha-1 and formula 4 consists of 100 kg NPSZnB + 75.1 N, 150 kg NPSZnB + 112.6 N 1 and 200 kg NPSZnB +150.2 N kg ha-1. The treatments were laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Application of blended fertilizers (NPSB, NPSZnB) hastened days to tasseling silking and maturity by 10, 7 and 15 days, respectively as compared to combined N and P rates. Application of blended fertilizer increases significantly (p < 0.01) the plant height, cob weight, ear length, 100 kernels weight, number of kernels per row and ear height as compared to combined N and P and the control. The analysis of variance revealed that fertilizer types and rates significantly (P < 0.01) affected on grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. However there was no significant difference between the two blended fertilizer types. Maximum grain yield (7056.2 kg ha-1) was recorded with 200 Kg NPSZnB + 150.2 N kg ha-1 application, while minimum grain yield 2996.0 kg ha-1 was recorded from control treatment. The application of 150 kg NPSB + 110.8 N kg ha-1 had highest Marginal rate of return (MRR%) and net benefit. Therefore, we recommended the treatment (150 Kg NPSB + 110.8N kg ha-1) since it produced high marginal rate of return, high net benefit and relatively small total cost of production, for maize production in Asossa area. Furthermore, based on yield, net benefit and relatively low total cost of production the farmer of Asossa area also can use 150 kg NPSZnB + 112.6 N in case of absence of NPSB in market.
Abstract: Scientific information with regards to the response of maize (Zea mays L.) to different blended fertilizer rates for its optimum production in Nitisols of Assosa area is limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted on Nitisols of Assosa Agricultural Research Centre during 2016/17 cropping season to investigate the response of growth, yield ...
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Research Article
Effects of a Combination of Honey and Vitamin C on the Blood Parameters of Broiler Chicks
Azaka Ebele Ijeoma*,
Ufele-Obiesie Angela Nwogor,
Ononye Benjamin Uzonna,
Offor Vivian Onyinyechi,
Afoemezie Ifeyinwa Philippa,
Okeke Chioma Janefrances,
Akwuaka Prisca Mary Chinasaram,
Aghalu Uchenna Chinonye,
Olisa Chinemerem Sylvia,
Okafor Nkem Chinwendu
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
203-208
Received:
9 November 2024
Accepted:
26 November 2024
Published:
23 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20241206.16
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Abstract: Poultry production is a good way of boosting the growth of the national economy. This study was conducted to determine the impact of vitamin C and honey on a few blood parameters of broiler chickens. A total of sixty-four-week-old broiler chickens were used in this study. Four experimental diet treatments were given to the chickens. Treatment 1 were given to broilers in cage A that contained no honey and no vitamin C in their drinking water. Treatment 2 was given to broilers in cage B which contained only 5 ml of honey. Treatment 3 was given to broilers in cage C which contained only 100 mg of vitamin C. Treatment 4 was given to broilers in cage D which contained 5 ml of honey and 100 mg of vitamin C. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks during which the following parameters were monitored; PCV and plasma protein. Analysis of variance was performed on the gathered data at a 5% significance level. The result of this study revealed that the highest PCV increase was recorded in the broiler chicks in Treatment 4 (27.40%) while the least was recorded in Treatment 1 (23.80%). After ten weeks, the PCV rise of broiler chicks receiving the four treatments did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The highest total protein was recorded in the broiler chicks in Treatment 3 (3.70 g/dl) while the least total protein (2.20 g/dl) was recorded in Treatment 4. The total protein of broiler chicks that received the four treatments for ten weeks varied significantly (P<0.05). The highest albumin was recorded in the broiler chicks in Treatment 2 (2.23 g/dl) while the least albumin (1.20 g/dl) was recorded in Treatments 1 and 4. There was significant difference between the albumin of broiler chicks given T3 and other treatments (P<0.05) except T2 (P>0.05) for 10 weeks. The highest globulin was recorded in the broiler chicks in Treatment 3 (1.67 g/dl) while the least globulin (1.10 g/dl) was recorded in Treatment 2 and 4. There was significant difference between the globulin of broiler chicks given T3 and other treatments (P<0.05) for 10 weeks. It was determined that combining honey and vitamin C is preferable than utilizing them separately as well as the control water.
Abstract: Poultry production is a good way of boosting the growth of the national economy. This study was conducted to determine the impact of vitamin C and honey on a few blood parameters of broiler chickens. A total of sixty-four-week-old broiler chickens were used in this study. Four experimental diet treatments were given to the chickens. Treatment 1 wer...
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