| Peer-Reviewed

Multiple Drug Resistance and ESBL Production in Bacterial Urine Culture Isolates

Received: 7 December 2013     Published: 30 December 2013
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Transmission of bacterial strains between patients is a serious problem in hospitals and with the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance the problem has farther escalated. Enterobacteriaceae produced ESBLs, especially E-coli, are increasingly important nosocomial pathogens. These bacteria are often multiple resistant and are responsible for many intestinal infections and urinary tract infections. Urine samples [4010] were collected cultured and the bacterial isolates were identified in this study, 1000 isolates showed significant bacterial growth. Among the sample 1000 showed bacterial growth in which E.coli strains was most common 58.5% of the 1000 bacterial isolates from urine cultures, gram negative rods accounted for 95.30 %, while gram positive cocci accounted for the test 4.70 %. Total pathogen isolated and recovered is distributed as K. pneumoniae 16.7 %, Enterobacter spp 0.57 %, P. aeruginosa 14.5 %, Proteus spp 1.34 % Enterococci 1.05 %, S. aurus 0.76 % and E. faecalis 2.87 %, A. calcoaceticus 1.05 %, Enterobacter spp 0.57 % E. agglumarance 2.20 % serratia 0.1 %. In case of g negative bacteria 58 [2.45 %] were ESBL producers and 379 [47.54 %] were MDR. while in case of gram positive 2 [0.2 %] were MRSA. Resistance has arisen to all antibiotics introduced into general clinical practice and is likely to arise to any new antibiotics introduced in the future. It is therefore imperative to consider what can be done to minimize the development and transfer of antibiotics resistance gene clusters. Methods can be developed to minimize antibiotic resistance.

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajbio.20140201.12
Page(s) 5-12
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

MDR, ESBL, Bacteria, UTI

References
[1] PM. Bennett, "Plasmid encoded antibiotic resistance: acquisition and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria". British Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 153: 347-357, 2008.
[2] JA. Karlowsky, M E. Jones, C. Thornsberry, IR. Friedland, DF. Sahm, "Trends in antimicrobial susceptibilities among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from hospitalized patients in the United States from 1998 to 2001". Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, Vol. 47: 1672-1680, 2003.
[3] JM. Quale, D. Landman, PA. Bradford, M. Visalli, J. Ravishankar, C. Flores, D. Mayorga, K. Vangala, A. Adedeji, "Molecular epidemiology of a citywide outbreak of Extended spectrum β lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection". Clinical Infectious Disease, Vol. 35 [7]: 834-841, 2002.
[4] TR. Fritsch, PA. Strabala, HS. Sader, MJ. Dowzicky, RN. Jones, "Activity of tigecycline tested against a global collection of Enterobacteriaceae, including tetracycline Resistant isolates". Diagnostic Microbiology Infectious Disease Journal, Vol. 52: 209-213, 2005.
[5] DL. Paterson, F. Rossi, F. Baquero, "In vitro susceptibilities of aerobic and Facultative Gram negative bacilli isolated from patients with intra abdominal Infections worldwide: the 2003 Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends [SMART]". Journal Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Vol. 55: 965-973, 2005.
[6] AA. Kader, AK. Kumar, "Prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase among multidrug resistant Gram-negative isolates from a general hospital in Saudi Arabia". Saudi Medical Journal, Vol. 25: 570-574, 2004.
[7] S. Ram, R. Gupta, M. Gaheer, "Emerging antibiotic resistance among the uropathogens". Indian Journal Medical Science, Vol. 54: 388-394, 2000.
[8] CE. Cox, "Nosocomial urinary tract infections". Urolology, Vol. 32 [3]: 210-215, 1998.
[9] CM. Gonzalez, AJ. Schaeffer, "Treatment of urinary tract infection: what's old, What’s new, and what works". Urology, Vol. 17 [6]: 372-382, 1999.
[10] W. Stamm, R. Norrby, "Urinary Tract Infections: Disease Panorama and Challenges". Journal Infectious Disease, Vol. 183: 1–4, 2001.
[11] TL. Griebling, "Urologic diseases in America project: Trends in resource use for urinary tract infections in women". Urology, Vol. 173: 1281-1287, 2005.
[12] JW. Warren, E. Abrutyn, JR. Hebel, JR. Johnson, AJ. Schaeffer, WE. Stamm, "Guidelines for antimicrobial treatment of uncomplicated acute bacterial cystitis and acute pyelonephritis in women. Infectious Diseases Society of America [IDSA]". Clinical Infectious Disease, Vol. 29 [4]: 745-758, 1999.
[13] K. Gupta, TM. Hooton, WE. Stamm, "Increasing antimicrobial resistance and the management of uncomplicated community acquired urinary tract infections". Annual International Medicine, Vol. 135 [1]: 41-50, 2001.
[14] K. Hryniewicz, K. Szczypa, A. Sulikowska, K. Jankowski, K. Betlejewska, W. Hryniewicz, "Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract Infections in Poland. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Vol. 47 [6]: 773-780, 2001.
[15] M. Akram, M. Shahid, A. khan, "Etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of community acquired urinary tract infection in JNMC Hospital India". Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Vol. 6 [4]: 1-7, 2007.
[16] AW. Bauer, WMM. Kirby, JC. Sherris, M. Turch, "Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method". American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Vol. 45: 493-499, 1966.
[17] AR. Ronald, MS. Pattulo, [1991]. "The natural history of urinary infection in adults". Medical Clinical North American, Vol. 75: 299-312, 1991.
[18] SS. Gebre, "Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological approach". Ethiopian Medical journal, 36: 185-192, 1998.
[19] G. Gruneberg, "Antibiotic sensitivities of urinary pathogens". Journal Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 14: 17-23, 1994.
[20] HP. Kattel, J. Acharya, SK. Mishra, BP. Rijal, BM. Pokhrel, "Bacteriology of Urinary tract infection among patients attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Kathmandu". Journal of Nepal Association for Medical Laboratory Sciences, Vol. 9: 25-29, 2008.
[21] N. Woodford, M. Ward, M. Kaufmann, J. Turton, E. Fagan, D. James, A. Johnson, R. Pike, M. Warner, T. Cheasty, A. Pearson, S. Harry, J. Leach, A. Loughrey, J. Lowes, R. Warren, D. Livermore, "Community and hospital spread of Escherichia coli producing CTX M extended spectrum ß lactamases in the UK". Journal Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Vol. 54 [4]: 735-743, 2004.
[22] JD. Pitout, ND. Hanson, DL. Church, "Population based laboratory surveillance for Escherichia coli-producing extended spectrum beta lactamases: Importance of community isolates with bla CTX M genes". Clinical Infectious Disease, Vol. 38, 1736-1741.
[23] S. Pournaras, A. Ikonomidis, D. Sofianou, "CTX-M type beta lactamases affect community Escherichia coli treatment". Greece Emerg Infectious Disease, Vol. 10: 1163-1164, 2004.
[24] G. Brigante, F. Luzzaro, M. Perilli, "Evolution of CTX M type betalactamases in isolates of Escherichia coli infecting hospital and community patients". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Vol. 25: 157-162, 2005.
[25] DL. Paterson, "Impact of antibiotic resistance in gram negative bacilli on empirical and definitive antibiotic therapy". Clinical Infectious Disease, 1: 14-20, 2008.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Riffat Iqbal, Abdul Majid, Iqbal Ahmad Alvi, Azam Hayat, Farah Andalee, et al. (2013). Multiple Drug Resistance and ESBL Production in Bacterial Urine Culture Isolates. American Journal of BioScience, 2(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20140201.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Riffat Iqbal; Abdul Majid; Iqbal Ahmad Alvi; Azam Hayat; Farah Andalee, et al. Multiple Drug Resistance and ESBL Production in Bacterial Urine Culture Isolates. Am. J. BioScience 2013, 2(1), 5-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20140201.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Riffat Iqbal, Abdul Majid, Iqbal Ahmad Alvi, Azam Hayat, Farah Andalee, et al. Multiple Drug Resistance and ESBL Production in Bacterial Urine Culture Isolates. Am J BioScience. 2013;2(1):5-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20140201.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20140201.12,
      author = {Riffat Iqbal and Abdul Majid and Iqbal Ahmad Alvi and Azam Hayat and Farah Andalee and Saira Gul and Sabeena Irfan and Mujaddad Ur Rahman},
      title = {Multiple Drug Resistance and ESBL Production in Bacterial Urine Culture Isolates},
      journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {5-12},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20140201.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20140201.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20140201.12},
      abstract = {Transmission of bacterial strains between patients is a serious problem in hospitals and with the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance the problem has farther escalated. Enterobacteriaceae produced ESBLs, especially E-coli, are increasingly important nosocomial pathogens. These bacteria are often multiple resistant and are responsible for many intestinal infections and urinary tract infections. Urine samples [4010] were collected cultured and the bacterial isolates were identified in this study, 1000 isolates showed significant bacterial growth. Among the sample 1000 showed bacterial growth in which E.coli strains was most common 58.5% of the 1000  bacterial isolates from urine cultures, gram negative rods accounted for 95.30 %, while gram positive cocci accounted for the  test 4.70 %. Total pathogen isolated and recovered is distributed as K. pneumoniae 16.7 %,  Enterobacter spp 0.57 %, P. aeruginosa 14.5 %, Proteus spp 1.34 % Enterococci 1.05 %, S. aurus 0.76 % and E. faecalis 2.87 %, A. calcoaceticus 1.05 %, Enterobacter spp 0.57 % E. agglumarance 2.20 % serratia  0.1 %. In case of g negative bacteria 58 [2.45 %] were ESBL producers and 379 [47.54 %] were MDR. while in case of gram positive 2 [0.2 %] were MRSA. Resistance has arisen to all antibiotics introduced into general clinical practice and is likely to arise to any new antibiotics introduced in the future. It is therefore imperative to consider what can be done to minimize the development and transfer of antibiotics resistance gene clusters. Methods can be developed to minimize antibiotic resistance.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Multiple Drug Resistance and ESBL Production in Bacterial Urine Culture Isolates
    AU  - Riffat Iqbal
    AU  - Abdul Majid
    AU  - Iqbal Ahmad Alvi
    AU  - Azam Hayat
    AU  - Farah Andalee
    AU  - Saira Gul
    AU  - Sabeena Irfan
    AU  - Mujaddad Ur Rahman
    Y1  - 2013/12/30
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20140201.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20140201.12
    T2  - American Journal of BioScience
    JF  - American Journal of BioScience
    JO  - American Journal of BioScience
    SP  - 5
    EP  - 12
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-0167
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20140201.12
    AB  - Transmission of bacterial strains between patients is a serious problem in hospitals and with the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance the problem has farther escalated. Enterobacteriaceae produced ESBLs, especially E-coli, are increasingly important nosocomial pathogens. These bacteria are often multiple resistant and are responsible for many intestinal infections and urinary tract infections. Urine samples [4010] were collected cultured and the bacterial isolates were identified in this study, 1000 isolates showed significant bacterial growth. Among the sample 1000 showed bacterial growth in which E.coli strains was most common 58.5% of the 1000  bacterial isolates from urine cultures, gram negative rods accounted for 95.30 %, while gram positive cocci accounted for the  test 4.70 %. Total pathogen isolated and recovered is distributed as K. pneumoniae 16.7 %,  Enterobacter spp 0.57 %, P. aeruginosa 14.5 %, Proteus spp 1.34 % Enterococci 1.05 %, S. aurus 0.76 % and E. faecalis 2.87 %, A. calcoaceticus 1.05 %, Enterobacter spp 0.57 % E. agglumarance 2.20 % serratia  0.1 %. In case of g negative bacteria 58 [2.45 %] were ESBL producers and 379 [47.54 %] were MDR. while in case of gram positive 2 [0.2 %] were MRSA. Resistance has arisen to all antibiotics introduced into general clinical practice and is likely to arise to any new antibiotics introduced in the future. It is therefore imperative to consider what can be done to minimize the development and transfer of antibiotics resistance gene clusters. Methods can be developed to minimize antibiotic resistance.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra Pakistan 21300

  • Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra Pakistan 21300

  • Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra Pakistan 21300

  • Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra Pakistan 21300

  • Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra Pakistan 21300

  • Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra Pakistan 21300

  • Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra Pakistan 21300

  • Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra Pakistan 21300

  • Sections