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Effect of Varieties, Fungicides and Application Frequencies to Wheat Yellow Rust Disease (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) Management in Arsi Highlands of Ethiopia

Received: 8 October 2019     Accepted: 28 November 2019     Published: 7 December 2019
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Abstract

Wheat is one of Ethiopia’s foremost important cereal crops in terms of area coverage and volume produced. However, the production and productivity of wheat is constrained by various biotic and a biotic stresses, among which wheat yellow rust disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici is the one. Field experiments were conducted to develop integrated wheat yellow rust management strategy based on optimal frequency of fungicide application and wheat varieties combination at hotspot environments of Meraro and Bekoji, Arsi zone, in 2017 main cropping season. Treatments included two different fungicides, Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl and Propiconazole applied in two frequencies; and four bread wheat cultivars (Kubsa, Danda'a, Lemu and Wane), known for their differential reaction to the disease. Unsprayed controls were also included for comparison purposes. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Terminal severity levels up to 13%, 37%, 53% and 90% at Bekoji, and 11.67%, 53.3%, 58.33%, 92% at Meraro were recorded on the unsprayed varieties of Wane, Lemu, Danda’a and Kubsa, respectively. Twice application frequency of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl resulted in a significant (P<0.01) grain yield increment of up to 95.3%, 76.4%, and 1086.8% at Bekoji and 129.7%, 135.5%, 2883.2% at Meraro on unsprayed plots of Lemu, Danda’a, and Kubsa, respectively. But yield increments as a result of fungicide applications were relatively lower (29.8% and 65.9% at Bekoji and Meraro, respectively) on the resistant variety Wane. Twice application of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl at 15 days interval starting from the appearance of disease has proved the most effective in terms of reducing the level of stripe rust, and increasing grain and crop biomass yield. The current findings demonstrate the role fungicides and host resistance may play in effectively managing stripe rust of wheat. However, further research is needed to come up with other management options to sustainable and cost effective manage the disease under different agro-ecological settings.

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 7, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajbio.20190706.15
Page(s) 113-122
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

AUDPC, Bread Wheat, Fungicide, Incidence, Infection Rate, Severity, Yield, Yellow Rust

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    Alemu Ayele, Alemayehu Chala·, Elfinesh Shikur. (2019). Effect of Varieties, Fungicides and Application Frequencies to Wheat Yellow Rust Disease (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) Management in Arsi Highlands of Ethiopia. American Journal of BioScience, 7(6), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20190706.15

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    Alemu Ayele; Alemayehu Chala·; Elfinesh Shikur. Effect of Varieties, Fungicides and Application Frequencies to Wheat Yellow Rust Disease (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) Management in Arsi Highlands of Ethiopia. Am. J. BioScience 2019, 7(6), 113-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20190706.15

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    AMA Style

    Alemu Ayele, Alemayehu Chala·, Elfinesh Shikur. Effect of Varieties, Fungicides and Application Frequencies to Wheat Yellow Rust Disease (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) Management in Arsi Highlands of Ethiopia. Am J BioScience. 2019;7(6):113-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20190706.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20190706.15,
      author = {Alemu Ayele and Alemayehu Chala· and Elfinesh Shikur},
      title = {Effect of Varieties, Fungicides and Application Frequencies to Wheat Yellow Rust Disease (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) Management in Arsi Highlands of Ethiopia},
      journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
      volume = {7},
      number = {6},
      pages = {113-122},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20190706.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20190706.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20190706.15},
      abstract = {Wheat is one of Ethiopia’s foremost important cereal crops in terms of area coverage and volume produced. However, the production and productivity of wheat is constrained by various biotic and a biotic stresses, among which wheat yellow rust disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici is the one. Field experiments were conducted to develop integrated wheat yellow rust management strategy based on optimal frequency of fungicide application and wheat varieties combination at hotspot environments of Meraro and Bekoji, Arsi zone, in 2017 main cropping season. Treatments included two different fungicides, Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl and Propiconazole applied in two frequencies; and four bread wheat cultivars (Kubsa, Danda'a, Lemu and Wane), known for their differential reaction to the disease. Unsprayed controls were also included for comparison purposes. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Terminal severity levels up to 13%, 37%, 53% and 90% at Bekoji, and 11.67%, 53.3%, 58.33%, 92% at Meraro were recorded on the unsprayed varieties of Wane, Lemu, Danda’a and Kubsa, respectively. Twice application frequency of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl resulted in a significant (P<0.01) grain yield increment of up to 95.3%, 76.4%, and 1086.8% at Bekoji and 129.7%, 135.5%, 2883.2% at Meraro on unsprayed plots of Lemu, Danda’a, and Kubsa, respectively. But yield increments as a result of fungicide applications were relatively lower (29.8% and 65.9% at Bekoji and Meraro, respectively) on the resistant variety Wane. Twice application of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl at 15 days interval starting from the appearance of disease has proved the most effective in terms of reducing the level of stripe rust, and increasing grain and crop biomass yield. The current findings demonstrate the role fungicides and host resistance may play in effectively managing stripe rust of wheat. However, further research is needed to come up with other management options to sustainable and cost effective manage the disease under different agro-ecological settings.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effect of Varieties, Fungicides and Application Frequencies to Wheat Yellow Rust Disease (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) Management in Arsi Highlands of Ethiopia
    AU  - Alemu Ayele
    AU  - Alemayehu Chala·
    AU  - Elfinesh Shikur
    Y1  - 2019/12/07
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20190706.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20190706.15
    T2  - American Journal of BioScience
    JF  - American Journal of BioScience
    JO  - American Journal of BioScience
    SP  - 113
    EP  - 122
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-0167
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20190706.15
    AB  - Wheat is one of Ethiopia’s foremost important cereal crops in terms of area coverage and volume produced. However, the production and productivity of wheat is constrained by various biotic and a biotic stresses, among which wheat yellow rust disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici is the one. Field experiments were conducted to develop integrated wheat yellow rust management strategy based on optimal frequency of fungicide application and wheat varieties combination at hotspot environments of Meraro and Bekoji, Arsi zone, in 2017 main cropping season. Treatments included two different fungicides, Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl and Propiconazole applied in two frequencies; and four bread wheat cultivars (Kubsa, Danda'a, Lemu and Wane), known for their differential reaction to the disease. Unsprayed controls were also included for comparison purposes. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Terminal severity levels up to 13%, 37%, 53% and 90% at Bekoji, and 11.67%, 53.3%, 58.33%, 92% at Meraro were recorded on the unsprayed varieties of Wane, Lemu, Danda’a and Kubsa, respectively. Twice application frequency of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl resulted in a significant (P<0.01) grain yield increment of up to 95.3%, 76.4%, and 1086.8% at Bekoji and 129.7%, 135.5%, 2883.2% at Meraro on unsprayed plots of Lemu, Danda’a, and Kubsa, respectively. But yield increments as a result of fungicide applications were relatively lower (29.8% and 65.9% at Bekoji and Meraro, respectively) on the resistant variety Wane. Twice application of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl at 15 days interval starting from the appearance of disease has proved the most effective in terms of reducing the level of stripe rust, and increasing grain and crop biomass yield. The current findings demonstrate the role fungicides and host resistance may play in effectively managing stripe rust of wheat. However, further research is needed to come up with other management options to sustainable and cost effective manage the disease under different agro-ecological settings.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research-Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella, Ethiopia 2Department of Plant and Horticultural Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Plant and Horticultural Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Plant and Horticultural Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia

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