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Review on Role of Mobile Element in Crop Genetic Variability

Received: 18 February 2022     Accepted: 24 March 2022     Published: 29 March 2022
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Abstract

Transposable elements make up a significant portion of plant genomes and are thought to play a key role in genomic reorganization and functional alterations. Transposable elements are known to cause a wide range of gene expression and function modifications in plants. This has led to the hypothesis that transposable element activity aided adaptive plant evolution. Transposons are controlled by a collection of mechanisms that identify and epigenetically quiet them, despite the fact that they are potentially very mutagenic. Two basic properties are shared by all transposable elements. The first is their ability to travel about the genome, which is why they're called mobile DNAs or transposable elements. The second is their ability to use this transposition to increase their copy number inside the genome, giving them a selective function that can make them selfish or parasitic DNAs. The distribution of transposable elements in the repeat-rich genomes of barley and bread wheat can be divided into three compartments (distal, interstitial, and proximal) that differ in age and type, gene density and function, and recombination frequency, implying that transposable elements are distributed differently in the repeat-rich genomes of barley and bread wheat. Transposable elements are thought to play a key role in genome organization and evolution. TEs have the potential to alter genomic structure and gene expression. Recombination between two TEs can result in chromosomal rearrangements or deletions of the interleaving genomic sequence. Transposition is regulated by the cellular processes that produce active transposase. Transposition regulation is unique to each element and encompasses transcription, differential splicing, translation, and protein-protein interaction regulation.

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15
Page(s) 69-74
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

DNA Transposon, Retrotransposon, Transposable Element

References
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    Takele Mitiku. (2022). Review on Role of Mobile Element in Crop Genetic Variability. American Journal of BioScience, 10(2), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15

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    Takele Mitiku. Review on Role of Mobile Element in Crop Genetic Variability. Am. J. BioScience 2022, 10(2), 69-74. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15

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    Takele Mitiku. Review on Role of Mobile Element in Crop Genetic Variability. Am J BioScience. 2022;10(2):69-74. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15,
      author = {Takele Mitiku},
      title = {Review on Role of Mobile Element in Crop Genetic Variability},
      journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {69-74},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20221002.15},
      abstract = {Transposable elements make up a significant portion of plant genomes and are thought to play a key role in genomic reorganization and functional alterations. Transposable elements are known to cause a wide range of gene expression and function modifications in plants. This has led to the hypothesis that transposable element activity aided adaptive plant evolution. Transposons are controlled by a collection of mechanisms that identify and epigenetically quiet them, despite the fact that they are potentially very mutagenic. Two basic properties are shared by all transposable elements. The first is their ability to travel about the genome, which is why they're called mobile DNAs or transposable elements. The second is their ability to use this transposition to increase their copy number inside the genome, giving them a selective function that can make them selfish or parasitic DNAs. The distribution of transposable elements in the repeat-rich genomes of barley and bread wheat can be divided into three compartments (distal, interstitial, and proximal) that differ in age and type, gene density and function, and recombination frequency, implying that transposable elements are distributed differently in the repeat-rich genomes of barley and bread wheat. Transposable elements are thought to play a key role in genome organization and evolution. TEs have the potential to alter genomic structure and gene expression. Recombination between two TEs can result in chromosomal rearrangements or deletions of the interleaving genomic sequence. Transposition is regulated by the cellular processes that produce active transposase. Transposition regulation is unique to each element and encompasses transcription, differential splicing, translation, and protein-protein interaction regulation.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    T2  - American Journal of BioScience
    JF  - American Journal of BioScience
    JO  - American Journal of BioScience
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    SN  - 2330-0167
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15
    AB  - Transposable elements make up a significant portion of plant genomes and are thought to play a key role in genomic reorganization and functional alterations. Transposable elements are known to cause a wide range of gene expression and function modifications in plants. This has led to the hypothesis that transposable element activity aided adaptive plant evolution. Transposons are controlled by a collection of mechanisms that identify and epigenetically quiet them, despite the fact that they are potentially very mutagenic. Two basic properties are shared by all transposable elements. The first is their ability to travel about the genome, which is why they're called mobile DNAs or transposable elements. The second is their ability to use this transposition to increase their copy number inside the genome, giving them a selective function that can make them selfish or parasitic DNAs. The distribution of transposable elements in the repeat-rich genomes of barley and bread wheat can be divided into three compartments (distal, interstitial, and proximal) that differ in age and type, gene density and function, and recombination frequency, implying that transposable elements are distributed differently in the repeat-rich genomes of barley and bread wheat. Transposable elements are thought to play a key role in genome organization and evolution. TEs have the potential to alter genomic structure and gene expression. Recombination between two TEs can result in chromosomal rearrangements or deletions of the interleaving genomic sequence. Transposition is regulated by the cellular processes that produce active transposase. Transposition regulation is unique to each element and encompasses transcription, differential splicing, translation, and protein-protein interaction regulation.
    VL  - 10
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Author Information
  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bako National Maize Research Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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