Resistance to Beta-lactams by Klebsiella Co-Producing Resistance Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA)

Rhaina Olivia Badini; Amana Mètuor Dabiré; Rose Pêgdwendé Bonkoungou; Rabiétou Nikiéma; Bambara Eliada Lionel; Abdoul Karim Ouattara; Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon; Jacques Simporé

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13

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Resistance to Beta-lactams by Klebsiella Co-Producing Resistance Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA)

Rhaina Olivia Badini^*

, Amana Mètuor Dabiré

, Rose Pêgdwendé Bonkoungou

, Rabiétou Nikiéma

, Bambara Eliada Lionel

, Abdoul Karim Ouattara

, Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon

, Jacques Simporé

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 13, Issue 6)

Received: 10 August 2025 Accepted: 20 August 2025 Published: 9 December 2025

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Abstract

The misuse of antibiotics promotes the development of multi-resistance in bacteria both biochemically and genetically, as well as its ability to transmit to other bacteria. These microorganisms are capable of simultaneously producing resistance enzymes through resistance mechanisms that allow them to resist various classes of antibiotics at the same time and thus become multi-resistant. Our objective was to study resistance to beta-lactams by Klebsiella co-producing resistance enzymes isolated at the Pietro Annigoni Research Center (CERBA). The isolation and purification of bacterial strains isolated from stools, vaginal swabs and urine of internal and external patients of CERBA, were carried out on selective media and Muller Hinton (MH). The antibiogram was carried out according to the disk diffusion method. The API 20E biochemical gallery (Bio Mérieux, France) was used for the identification of enterobacteria and the bla_NDM, bla_SHV and bla_TOHO genes were detected by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of one hundred and twenty-two (122) strains of Gram-negative bacilli were collected and identified. Among them we have 23.77% (29/122) strains of Klebsiella including 86.21% isolated from urine, 6.90% isolated from stool and 6.90% isolated from vaginal swab. The antibiogram showed that all 29 Klebsiella strains were resistant to at least one of the beta-lactams studied, including 93.10% resistance to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, 37.93% resistance to ceftazidime, 27.59% resistance to ceftriaxone, 44.83% to cefotaxime, 20.70% to imipenem and 24.14% to aztreonam. Among the 29 Klebsiella strains 24.13% were non-carriers of resistance genes and 76.86% of the strains were carriers of at least one of the resistance genes. However, 62.06% of Klebsiella strains harbor the bla _SHV gene, 41.38% of strains harbored bla_NDM versus 10.34% of strains carrying the bla _TOHO gene. Among the Klebsiella strains, 37.93% of the strains had coexistences of the genes, bla_SHV + bla_NDM, bla_SHV + bla_TOHO and bla_TOHO + bla_NDM respectively. However, the bla_SHV gene was most common in Klebsiella (Klebsiella sp and Klebsiella pneumoniae), followed by the bla _NDM gene and the bla _TOHO gene. This study has highlighted the multi-resistance of Klebsiella strains co-producing ESBLs of the bla_NDM, bla_SHV and bla_TOHO type. The co-production of genes by certain strains, particularly Klebsiella strains, requires the development of new strategies in scientific research in order to find effective therapeutic solutions to destroy multi-resistant bacteria.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 13, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13
Page(s)	210-217
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Multi-Resistance, Antibiotic, Enterobacteria, Klebsiella, Bla _NDM, Bla _SHV, Bla _TOHO, Co-Production

References

[1]	Janda, J. M., & Abbott, S. L. (2006). The Genera Klebsiella and Raoultella. The Enterobacteria (2nd ed., pp. 115-129). Washington, USA: ASM Press. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.21.1.46-76.1985
[2]	Walsh, F. (2003). Family Resilience: A Framework for Clinical Practice. Family Process, 42, 1-18. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2003.00001
[3]	Ahmadi, S. (2022). Recent studies on antimicrobial and anticancer activities of saponins: a mini-review. Nano Micro Biosystems, 1(1), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119711698.ch105
[4]	Tiemtoré, RYW, et al., Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Resistant to the Oxyimino-Cephalosporins and the Monobactam by Production of GES Type Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) at Saint Camille Hospital Center in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Infect Drug Resist, 2022. 15: p. 3191-3204.
[5]	Eucast/Ca-Sfm (2021) Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology.
[6]	Huttner, A., et al., Oral amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid: properties, indications and usage. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2020. 26(7): p. 871-879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.11.028
[7]	Nawal, B. O. U. R. A. S. Etude de la résistance aux antibiotiques des souches d’Escherichia coli et de Klebsiella pneumoniae isolées au laboratoire de l’EPH de Kolea (W. Tipaza). http://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/11706
[8]	N Sekhri-Arafa, F Smati - 2011 - Frequency and epidemiological markers of Klebsiella pneumoniae in high-risk infectious services at the Benbadis University Hospital in Constantine.
[9]	P Nordmann, L Poirel, TR Walsh, DM Livermore - The emerging NDM carbapenemases Trends in microbiology, 2011 - cell.com Figure 1 Worldwide distribution of identified cases of bacteria with NDM-1 enzyme as of 1 October 2011.
[10]	Castanheira, M., Kimbrough, J. H., DeVries, S., Mendes, R. E., & Sader, H. S. (2023, February). Trends of β-lactamase occurrence among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in United States hospitals during a 5-year period and activity of antimicrobial agents against isolates stratified by β-lactamase type. In Open Forum Infectious Diseases (Vol. 10, No. 2, p. ofad038). US: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad038
[11]	Bashir, T., & Ahmed, A. (2016). Colistin resistance among gram negative organisms; an evolving problem from tertiary care hospital, Pakistan 2014. American Journal of Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajmsp.2016.29.31
[12]	AK Ouattara, B Ouédraogo, AM Dabiré, RYW Tiemtoré, S Sougué, J Simporé First Detection of NDM-type Carbapenemase-Producing K. pneumoniae isolated from Clinical Samples in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Archives of Microbiology & Immunology, 2023 https://doi.org/10.18527/20251213039
[13]	Gao H, Liu Y, Wang R, Wang Q, Jin L, and Wang H. The transferability and evolution of NDM-1 and KPC-2 co-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical settings. EbioMedicine (2020): 102599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102599
[14]	Sougué, S., Mètuor-Dabiré, A., Ouermi, D., Tiemtoré, Y. R. W. K., Sita, B. S. L. C., Zohoncon, T. M., ... & Simporé, J. (2021). Frequency of Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae by Production of TOHO-type β-lactamases at Saint Camille Hospital, Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Advances in Microbiology, 11(12), 713-722. https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2021.1112051
[15]	Mètuor, DA, et al., Detection of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria simultaneously producing extended-spectrum -lactamases of the PER and GES types isolated at Saint Camille Hospital Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2019.
[16]	El-Domany, R. A., El-Banna, T., Sonbol, F., & Abu-Sayedahmed, S. H. Co-existence of NDM-1 and OXA-48 genes in Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. African health sciences, (2021) (2), 489-496. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i2.2

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Badini, R. O., Dabiré, A. M., Bonkoungou, R. P., Nikiéma, R., Lionel, B. E., et al. (2025). Resistance to Beta-lactams by Klebsiella Co-Producing Resistance Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA). American Journal of BioScience, 13(6), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13

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ACS Style

Badini, R. O.; Dabiré, A. M.; Bonkoungou, R. P.; Nikiéma, R.; Lionel, B. E., et al. Resistance to Beta-lactams by Klebsiella Co-Producing Resistance Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA). Am. J. BioScience 2025, 13(6), 210-217. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13

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AMA Style

Badini RO, Dabiré AM, Bonkoungou RP, Nikiéma R, Lionel BE, et al. Resistance to Beta-lactams by Klebsiella Co-Producing Resistance Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA). Am J BioScience. 2025;13(6):210-217. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13,
  author = {Rhaina Olivia Badini and Amana Mètuor Dabiré and Rose Pêgdwendé Bonkoungou and Rabiétou Nikiéma and Bambara Eliada Lionel and Abdoul Karim Ouattara and Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon and Jacques Simporé},
  title = {Resistance to Beta-lactams by Klebsiella Co-Producing Resistance Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA)},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {210-217},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20251306.13},
  abstract = {The misuse of antibiotics promotes the development of multi-resistance in bacteria both biochemically and genetically, as well as its ability to transmit to other bacteria. These microorganisms are capable of simultaneously producing resistance enzymes through resistance mechanisms that allow them to resist various classes of antibiotics at the same time and thus become multi-resistant. Our objective was to study resistance to beta-lactams by Klebsiella co-producing resistance enzymes isolated at the Pietro Annigoni Research Center (CERBA). The isolation and purification of bacterial strains isolated from stools, vaginal swabs and urine of internal and external patients of CERBA, were carried out on selective media and Muller Hinton (MH). The antibiogram was carried out according to the disk diffusion method. The API 20E biochemical gallery (Bio Mérieux, France) was used for the identification of enterobacteria and the blaNDM, blaSHV and blaTOHO genes were detected by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of one hundred and twenty-two (122) strains of Gram-negative bacilli were collected and identified. Among them we have 23.77% (29/122) strains of Klebsiella including 86.21% isolated from urine, 6.90% isolated from stool and 6.90% isolated from vaginal swab. The antibiogram showed that all 29 Klebsiella strains were resistant to at least one of the beta-lactams studied, including 93.10% resistance to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, 37.93% resistance to ceftazidime, 27.59% resistance to ceftriaxone, 44.83% to cefotaxime, 20.70% to imipenem and 24.14% to aztreonam. Among the 29 Klebsiella strains 24.13% were non-carriers of resistance genes and 76.86% of the strains were carriers of at least one of the resistance genes. However, 62.06% of Klebsiella strains harbor the bla SHV gene, 41.38% of strains harbored blaNDM versus 10.34% of strains carrying the bla TOHO gene. Among the Klebsiella strains, 37.93% of the strains had coexistences of the genes, blaSHV + blaNDM, blaSHV + blaTOHO and blaTOHO + blaNDM respectively. However, the blaSHV gene was most common in Klebsiella (Klebsiella sp and Klebsiella pneumoniae), followed by the bla NDM gene and the bla TOHO gene. This study has highlighted the multi-resistance of Klebsiella strains co-producing ESBLs of the blaNDM, blaSHV and blaTOHO type. The co-production of genes by certain strains, particularly Klebsiella strains, requires the development of new strategies in scientific research in order to find effective therapeutic solutions to destroy multi-resistant bacteria.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Resistance to Beta-lactams by Klebsiella Co-Producing Resistance Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA)
AU  - Rhaina Olivia Badini
AU  - Amana Mètuor Dabiré
AU  - Rose Pêgdwendé Bonkoungou
AU  - Rabiétou Nikiéma
AU  - Bambara Eliada Lionel
AU  - Abdoul Karim Ouattara
AU  - Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon
AU  - Jacques Simporé
Y1  - 2025/12/09
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 210
EP  - 217
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13
AB  - The misuse of antibiotics promotes the development of multi-resistance in bacteria both biochemically and genetically, as well as its ability to transmit to other bacteria. These microorganisms are capable of simultaneously producing resistance enzymes through resistance mechanisms that allow them to resist various classes of antibiotics at the same time and thus become multi-resistant. Our objective was to study resistance to beta-lactams by Klebsiella co-producing resistance enzymes isolated at the Pietro Annigoni Research Center (CERBA). The isolation and purification of bacterial strains isolated from stools, vaginal swabs and urine of internal and external patients of CERBA, were carried out on selective media and Muller Hinton (MH). The antibiogram was carried out according to the disk diffusion method. The API 20E biochemical gallery (Bio Mérieux, France) was used for the identification of enterobacteria and the blaNDM, blaSHV and blaTOHO genes were detected by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of one hundred and twenty-two (122) strains of Gram-negative bacilli were collected and identified. Among them we have 23.77% (29/122) strains of Klebsiella including 86.21% isolated from urine, 6.90% isolated from stool and 6.90% isolated from vaginal swab. The antibiogram showed that all 29 Klebsiella strains were resistant to at least one of the beta-lactams studied, including 93.10% resistance to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, 37.93% resistance to ceftazidime, 27.59% resistance to ceftriaxone, 44.83% to cefotaxime, 20.70% to imipenem and 24.14% to aztreonam. Among the 29 Klebsiella strains 24.13% were non-carriers of resistance genes and 76.86% of the strains were carriers of at least one of the resistance genes. However, 62.06% of Klebsiella strains harbor the bla SHV gene, 41.38% of strains harbored blaNDM versus 10.34% of strains carrying the bla TOHO gene. Among the Klebsiella strains, 37.93% of the strains had coexistences of the genes, blaSHV + blaNDM, blaSHV + blaTOHO and blaTOHO + blaNDM respectively. However, the blaSHV gene was most common in Klebsiella (Klebsiella sp and Klebsiella pneumoniae), followed by the bla NDM gene and the bla TOHO gene. This study has highlighted the multi-resistance of Klebsiella strains co-producing ESBLs of the blaNDM, blaSHV and blaTOHO type. The co-production of genes by certain strains, particularly Klebsiella strains, requires the development of new strategies in scientific research in order to find effective therapeutic solutions to destroy multi-resistant bacteria.
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Rhaina Olivia Badini

Biochemistry - Microbiology - Molecular Biology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-5687-3387
Amana Mètuor Dabiré

Biochemistry - Microbiology, Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly University, Dédougou, Burkina Faso

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-4725
Rose Pêgdwendé Bonkoungou

Biochemistry - Microbiology - Molecular Biology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0006-5089-4622
Rabiétou Nikiéma

Biochemistry - Microbiology - Molecular Biology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-3679-2571
Bambara Eliada Lionel

Biochemistry - Microbiology - Molecular Biology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-6549-3068
Abdoul Karim Ouattara

Biological Sciences, Norbert Zongo University, Koudougou, Burkina Faso

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9767-0646
Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon

Biochemistry - Microbiology - Molecular Biology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;Molecular Biology and Genetics, Saint Thomas Aquinas University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;Molecular Biology and Genetics, Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9100-0692
Jacques Simporé

Biochemistry - Microbiology - Molecular Biology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;Molecular Biology and Genetics, Saint Thomas Aquinas University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;Molecular Biology and Genetics, Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-9161

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APA Style

Badini, R. O., Dabiré, A. M., Bonkoungou, R. P., Nikiéma, R., Lionel, B. E., et al. (2025). Resistance to Beta-lactams by Klebsiella Co-Producing Resistance Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA). American Journal of BioScience, 13(6), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13

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Badini, R. O.; Dabiré, A. M.; Bonkoungou, R. P.; Nikiéma, R.; Lionel, B. E., et al. Resistance to Beta-lactams by Klebsiella Co-Producing Resistance Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA). Am. J. BioScience 2025, 13(6), 210-217. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13

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AMA Style

Badini RO, Dabiré AM, Bonkoungou RP, Nikiéma R, Lionel BE, et al. Resistance to Beta-lactams by Klebsiella Co-Producing Resistance Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA). Am J BioScience. 2025;13(6):210-217. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13,
  author = {Rhaina Olivia Badini and Amana Mètuor Dabiré and Rose Pêgdwendé Bonkoungou and Rabiétou Nikiéma and Bambara Eliada Lionel and Abdoul Karim Ouattara and Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon and Jacques Simporé},
  title = {Resistance to Beta-lactams by Klebsiella Co-Producing Resistance Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA)},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {210-217},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20251306.13},
  abstract = {The misuse of antibiotics promotes the development of multi-resistance in bacteria both biochemically and genetically, as well as its ability to transmit to other bacteria. These microorganisms are capable of simultaneously producing resistance enzymes through resistance mechanisms that allow them to resist various classes of antibiotics at the same time and thus become multi-resistant. Our objective was to study resistance to beta-lactams by Klebsiella co-producing resistance enzymes isolated at the Pietro Annigoni Research Center (CERBA). The isolation and purification of bacterial strains isolated from stools, vaginal swabs and urine of internal and external patients of CERBA, were carried out on selective media and Muller Hinton (MH). The antibiogram was carried out according to the disk diffusion method. The API 20E biochemical gallery (Bio Mérieux, France) was used for the identification of enterobacteria and the blaNDM, blaSHV and blaTOHO genes were detected by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of one hundred and twenty-two (122) strains of Gram-negative bacilli were collected and identified. Among them we have 23.77% (29/122) strains of Klebsiella including 86.21% isolated from urine, 6.90% isolated from stool and 6.90% isolated from vaginal swab. The antibiogram showed that all 29 Klebsiella strains were resistant to at least one of the beta-lactams studied, including 93.10% resistance to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, 37.93% resistance to ceftazidime, 27.59% resistance to ceftriaxone, 44.83% to cefotaxime, 20.70% to imipenem and 24.14% to aztreonam. Among the 29 Klebsiella strains 24.13% were non-carriers of resistance genes and 76.86% of the strains were carriers of at least one of the resistance genes. However, 62.06% of Klebsiella strains harbor the bla SHV gene, 41.38% of strains harbored blaNDM versus 10.34% of strains carrying the bla TOHO gene. Among the Klebsiella strains, 37.93% of the strains had coexistences of the genes, blaSHV + blaNDM, blaSHV + blaTOHO and blaTOHO + blaNDM respectively. However, the blaSHV gene was most common in Klebsiella (Klebsiella sp and Klebsiella pneumoniae), followed by the bla NDM gene and the bla TOHO gene. This study has highlighted the multi-resistance of Klebsiella strains co-producing ESBLs of the blaNDM, blaSHV and blaTOHO type. The co-production of genes by certain strains, particularly Klebsiella strains, requires the development of new strategies in scientific research in order to find effective therapeutic solutions to destroy multi-resistant bacteria.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Resistance to Beta-lactams by Klebsiella Co-Producing Resistance Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA)
AU  - Rhaina Olivia Badini
AU  - Amana Mètuor Dabiré
AU  - Rose Pêgdwendé Bonkoungou
AU  - Rabiétou Nikiéma
AU  - Bambara Eliada Lionel
AU  - Abdoul Karim Ouattara
AU  - Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon
AU  - Jacques Simporé
Y1  - 2025/12/09
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 210
EP  - 217
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251306.13
AB  - The misuse of antibiotics promotes the development of multi-resistance in bacteria both biochemically and genetically, as well as its ability to transmit to other bacteria. These microorganisms are capable of simultaneously producing resistance enzymes through resistance mechanisms that allow them to resist various classes of antibiotics at the same time and thus become multi-resistant. Our objective was to study resistance to beta-lactams by Klebsiella co-producing resistance enzymes isolated at the Pietro Annigoni Research Center (CERBA). The isolation and purification of bacterial strains isolated from stools, vaginal swabs and urine of internal and external patients of CERBA, were carried out on selective media and Muller Hinton (MH). The antibiogram was carried out according to the disk diffusion method. The API 20E biochemical gallery (Bio Mérieux, France) was used for the identification of enterobacteria and the blaNDM, blaSHV and blaTOHO genes were detected by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of one hundred and twenty-two (122) strains of Gram-negative bacilli were collected and identified. Among them we have 23.77% (29/122) strains of Klebsiella including 86.21% isolated from urine, 6.90% isolated from stool and 6.90% isolated from vaginal swab. The antibiogram showed that all 29 Klebsiella strains were resistant to at least one of the beta-lactams studied, including 93.10% resistance to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, 37.93% resistance to ceftazidime, 27.59% resistance to ceftriaxone, 44.83% to cefotaxime, 20.70% to imipenem and 24.14% to aztreonam. Among the 29 Klebsiella strains 24.13% were non-carriers of resistance genes and 76.86% of the strains were carriers of at least one of the resistance genes. However, 62.06% of Klebsiella strains harbor the bla SHV gene, 41.38% of strains harbored blaNDM versus 10.34% of strains carrying the bla TOHO gene. Among the Klebsiella strains, 37.93% of the strains had coexistences of the genes, blaSHV + blaNDM, blaSHV + blaTOHO and blaTOHO + blaNDM respectively. However, the blaSHV gene was most common in Klebsiella (Klebsiella sp and Klebsiella pneumoniae), followed by the bla NDM gene and the bla TOHO gene. This study has highlighted the multi-resistance of Klebsiella strains co-producing ESBLs of the blaNDM, blaSHV and blaTOHO type. The co-production of genes by certain strains, particularly Klebsiella strains, requires the development of new strategies in scientific research in order to find effective therapeutic solutions to destroy multi-resistant bacteria.
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
ER  -

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